Crude Oil
Heavy crude oil or Extra Heavy Crude oil is any type of crude oil which does not flow easily. It is referred to as "heavy" because its density or specific gravity is higher than of light crude oil. Heavy crude oil has been defined as any liquid petroleum with an API gravity less than 20°, meaning that its specific gravity is greater than 0.933 (g/ml).
Production, transportation, and refining of heavy crude oil present special challenges compared to light crude oil.
Physical properties that distinguish heavy crudes from lighter ones include higher viscosity and specific gravity, as well as heavier molecular composition. Generally a diluent is added at regular distances in a pipeline carrying heavy crude to facilitate its flow. However it is possible to reduce viscosity in order to improve flow of heavy oils using an electric line heater or outflow heater if the oil is in a pipeline or within a storage tank.
EXHEAT electric heaters are commonly used the reduce the viscosity of crude oils in order to make them more free flowing. EXHEAT heaters provide a clean efficient and controllable solution for process heat provision, in comparison with other systems such as heat exchangers or fired heating systems.
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